Survey on IoT-Based Smart Ration Dispensing System Using RFID Authentication and STM32-Controlled Weight-Verified Dispensing

The Public Distribution System (PDS) supplies subsidised food grains to millions of households through Fair Price Shops, but its last-mile operation still depends heavily on manual registers, manual weighing, and human judgement. These weaknesses allow duplicate collection, under-dispensing, diversion of stock, and records that are difficult to audit. The Internet of Things (IoT) offers a practical way to address these problems by combining low-cost microcontrollers, identification devices, weight sensors, and cloud databases. This survey paper reviews ten research studies on smart ration distribution, with a particular focus on RFID-based beneficiary authentication, GSM and OTP-based verification, biometric (Aadhaar-based) authentication, motor-driven and load-cell-based automatic dispensing, cloud-based monitoring, machine learning-assisted verification, and blockchain-based record keeping for the PDS supply chain. The reviewed studies show that automation can reduce manual errors and leakage, but they also show that strict authentication can exclude genuine beneficiaries when it is poorly implemented. The survey derives the hardware, software, and mathematical requirements of an STM32-based ration dispensing system, identifies the major open issues such as authentication reliability, network dependence, weighing accuracy, data security, cost, and scalability, and outlines applications and future research directions for an integrated, weight-verified, and transparent ration dispensing system. I

Keywords - Internet of Things, Public Distribution System, RFID, STM32, Load Cell, HX711, Smart Ration Dispensing, Blockchain, Biometric Authentication